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Integration of current identity-based district-varied health insurance schemes in China: implications

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第1期页码 79-84 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0179-5

摘要：

With China’s great efforts to improve public health insurance, clear progress has been achieved toward the ambitious full health insurance coverage strategy for all. The current health insurance schemes in China fall into three categories: urban employee basic health insurance scheme, urban resident scheme, and new rural cooperative medical system. Despite their phasic success, these substantially identity-based, district-varied health insurance schemes have separate operation mechanisms, various administrative institutions, and consequently poor connections. On the other hand, the establishment and implementation of various health insurance schemes provide the preconditioning of more sophisticated social health insurance schemes, the increase in the income of urban and rural people, and the great importance attached by the government. Moreover, the reform of the “Hukou” (household register) system provides economical, official, and institutional bases. Therefore, the establishment of an urban-rural integrated, citizen-based, and nationwide-universal health insurance scheme by the government is critically important to attain equality and national connection. Accordingly, the differences between urban and rural areas should be minimized. In addition, the current schemes, administrative institutions, and networks should be integrated and interconnected. Moreover, more expenditure on health insurance might be essential for the integration despite the settings of global financial crisis. Regardless of the possible challenges in implementation, the proposed new scheme is promising and may be applied in the near future for the benefit of the Chinese people and global health.

关键词： health insurance urban employee basic health insurance scheme urban-resident scheme new rural cooperative medical system

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Effect of the new maternity insurance scheme on medical expenditures for caesarean delivery in Wuxi,

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 473-480 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0479-

摘要：

Aiming to control rising medical expenditures and help improve China’s healthcare systems, this study examined whether a cap-based medical insurance scheme with shared financial interest between the insurance and healthcare providers is effective in containing hospitals’ C-section medical expenditures. We used 6547 caesarean delivery case records from a teaching tertiary-level general public hospital located in Wuxi, China (2004–2013), and used the Chow test to investigate the possibility of significant variation in mean medical expenditures for caesarean deliveries pre- and post-reform. We also used paired sample t-tests and linear regression models to compare the mean medical expenditures between insured and uninsured women undergoing caesarean delivery during the post-reform period. After the scheme’s implementation, medical expenditures for caesarean deliveries declined and the medical expenditures of women covered by the scheme were significantly lower than those of uninsured patients. These findings indicated the scheme’s effectiveness in minimizing caesarean delivery expenditures. The cap-based medical insurance scheme with shared financial interest between insurance and healthcare providers would likely steer healthcare providers’ behaviors in a more cost-effective direction.

关键词： maternity insurance scheme financial incentive caesarean delivery medical expenditure China

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健康管理的现状与发展策略

李江,陶沙,李明,傅华,王克安,田传胜,王陇德

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 8-15 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.002

摘要：

本文以文献研究为基础，通过选取江苏、浙江、上海三地有代表性的社区卫生服务中心、企业、健康保险公司以及健康管理服务机构共17家单位开展了调研，结果发现我国在开展健康管理过程中存在一些问题，如社区卫生服务中心无论在人员配备上还是服务内容上都与有效的健康管理服务存在差距；企业具有开展健康管理的意愿，外资企业与大型国企都已经开展了有益的尝试并取得了不错的效果，国内中小型企业、公司缺乏独立开展职工健康管理的能力；健康保险公司由于缺乏盈利模式大多不愿意开展健康险服务，健康管理多作为附加选项服务于高端客户；健康管理服务公司的业务以体检为主，大多并没有开展真正意义上的健康管理。针对这些问题课题组提出了八个相关的政策建议及相应的对策。

关键词：健康管理健康风险评估生命全程基本公共卫生服务临床预防服务社区卫生服务健康保险

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Ecosystem health assessment of urban rivers and lakes

ZHANG Fengling, LIU Jingling, YANG Zhifeng, LI Yongli

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第2卷第2期页码 209-217 doi: 10.1007/s11783-008-0007-y

摘要： The assessment of the ecosystem health of urban rivers and lakes is the scientific basis for their management and ecological restoration. This study developed a three-level indicator system for its assessment. The results indicated that: Zhonghai and Nanhai are in the state of transition from unhealthy to critical state and all the other lakes are in unhealthy states. Water environmental quality, structure and function of the aquatic ecosystem, and the structure of waterfront areas were the constraints. Nanhai was ranked as poor and the others were all ranked as very poor. However, the ecological environment of Zhonghai and Nanhai were better than the others, the sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state were all close to 0.6. and the restorations of these lakes were moderate. The sums of the degree of membership to the healthy state and critical state of the other lakes were under 0.3, as it was difficult to restore these lakes. Some suggestions on scientific management and ecological restoration of the six lakes were proposed: $`To control non-point pollution and to improve the water quality of six lakes and the water entering into these lakes; $aTo improve the hydrological conditions of six lakes; $bTo rehabilitate the aquatic ecosystem and waterfront areas.

关键词： unhealthy management ecological restoration Zhonghai non-point pollution

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Social insurance for occupational diseases

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 221-223 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0187-5

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健康医疗数据共享基本原则探讨

张建楠,李莹莹,顾宴菊,朱烨琳,何前锋

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第4期页码 93-100 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.04.012

摘要：

我国健康医疗数据共享尚处于初级阶段，隐私安全、数据权属不清与利益分配不明等关键问题阻碍了健康医疗数据共享的发展。健康医疗数据共享基本原则的建立可为科学开展健康医疗数据共享活动提供指导，促进健康医疗数据共享及价值变现。本文整理归纳了43项国际健康医疗数据共享基本原则内容，从法律、伦理道德和实践的角度出发，分析了国际上开展健康医疗数据共享活动时普遍关注和遵循的关键原则。研究发现，国际健康医疗数据共享中普遍重视价值、尊重、信任、公平与公正、安全、可评估与评估、规范性以及问责制原则的设定和体现。本文优化构建了高共识性健康医疗数据共享基本原则，有助于指导健康医疗数据共享活动的实施，促进我国健康医疗数据合理、合法、合规共享，推进大数据时代背景下“互联网 +”在健康医疗领域的深化应用。

关键词：数据共享，健康医疗，共享行为，基本原则

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Assessing the premature death due to ambient particulate matter in China’s urban areas from 2004 to 2013

Guoxia MA, Jinnan WANG, Fang YU, Xiaomin GUO, Yanshen ZHANG, Chao LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0849-7

摘要： The number of annual premature deaths attributable to China’s air pollution ranged from 350000 to 520000 from 2004 to 2013, while the figure in 2013 reached 9.9% of total deaths in China. In 2004, the life expectancy potential years of life lost was 69.6 and 1.85 years respectively in contrast to 74.4 and 0.67 years respectively in 2013. The number of PYLL attributable to air pollution in the northern regions is found to be larger than that of the southern regions. The Environmental Burden of Disease (EBD) approach for outdoor air pollution has been used to calculate premature deaths and average potential years of life lost attributable to air pollution in China over the past 10 years with differences between the North and the South of the country being analyzed. The results indicate that: (1) Between 2004 and 2013, annual premature deaths attributable to outdoor air pollution in China ranged from 350000 to 520000. In 2013, deaths resulting from air pollution in China represented 9.9% of the country’s total deaths. (2) In 2004, the average life expectancy of the Chinese population and the number of potential years of life lost (PYLL) attributable to air pollution was 69.6 and 1.85 years respectively as compared to 74.4 and 0.67 years respectively in 2013. (3) The number of the PYLL attributable to air pollution in the northern regions of China is found to be larger than that of the southern regions. The PYLL figures of the northern and southern regions in 2004 were 2.3 and 1.8 years, respectively, with a difference of 0.5 years, as compared to 1.4 and 0.7 years respectively with a difference of 0.7 years in 2013.

关键词： Air pollution Public health Premature deaths Health assessment

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施工导流工程风险的保险费用厘定方法研究

陈志鼎,胡志根

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第4期页码 106-112

摘要：

在分析导流工程风险因素、综合风险率和工程保险期限的基础上，研究导流工程失效后淹没基坑造成损失的次数及其分布规律，提出导流系统失效后的总损失服从非齐次复合Poisson过程，建立基于导流工程保险损失的聚合风险模型，给出施工导流工程保险费用的厘定方法及其数学表达，为水利水电工程保险费的厘定提供理论方法。

关键词：导流风险工程保险保险费非齐次复合Poisson过程

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中国城市化进程中的可持续城市水环境系统方案 Article

于会彬, 宋永会, 常昕, 高红杰, 彭剑峰

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 190-193 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.009

摘要：

城市化是经济发展的潜在因素，经济发展是发展社会的主要途径。随着城市化规模的扩大，城市水环境的质量可能发生恶化，并对城市化的可持续性产生负面影响。因此，必须全面了解城市水环境的功能，包括安全、资源、生态、景观、文化和经济等方面。此外，有必要对城市水环境的理论基础进行深入分析，这一基础与景观生态和低碳经济相关。本文阐述了构建城市水环境系统的主要原则（包括可持续发展、生态优先和区域差异），并提出了城市水环境系统的内容。此系统包括自然水环境、经济水环境和社会水环境。其中，自然水环境是基础，高效的经济水环境是中心，健康的社会水环境是本质。建设城市水环境离不开综合安全体系、完整的科学理论和先进的技术。

关键词：城市化城市水环境水功能安全系统

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“平疫结合”的突发公共卫生事件医疗物资储备体系建设研究

蔡健平,王晶

《中国工程科学》 2022年第24卷第6期页码 107-115 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.07.005

摘要：

构建“平疫结合”的突发公共卫生事件医疗物资储备体系，是提高突发公共卫生事件医疗物资保障能力、完善突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系建设的重要方面。本文总结了我国突发公共卫生事件医疗物资储备体系的发展现状，从制度建设、保障能力、协调机制3个层面剖析了我国医疗物资储备体系存在的问题；阐述了构建“平疫结合”的医疗物资储备体系的必要性与紧迫性，从基本内涵、基本框架、运行机制3个方面提出了“平疫结合”的医疗物资储备体系构建方案。研究建议，完善医疗物资储备制度，优化医疗物资储备体系，健全医疗物资储备体系运行机制，建立医疗物资储备信息共享平台，尽快形成“平疫结合”的突发公共卫生事件医疗物资储备体系。

关键词：突发公共卫生事件医疗物资储备体系平疫结合基本框架运行机制

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我国基础与临床医学创新体系建设研究

付磊,尹岭,朱曼璐,马劼,高润霖

《中国工程科学》 2017年第19卷第2期页码 72-78 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2017.02.012

摘要：

本文是中国工程院“我国全民健康与医药卫生事业发展战略研究”重大咨询项目子课题“我国基础与临床医学研究创新体系”的系统总结。研究围绕全民健康与医药卫生事业国家发展战略需求，深入分析了世界主要国家医学研究管理及体系建设情况，探讨了制约我国医学科技创新发展的瓶颈问题，提出了加强医学研究顶层设计、重构医学研究体系、加大经费投入、完善评价制度、整合共享医学科技资源、加速推动成果转化的对策建议。

关键词：全民健康医学研究创新体系

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Primary health care for all by 2020: The systematic reform of the medical and health system in China

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 3-7 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0024-7

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Z-scheme CdS/WO on a carbon cloth enabling effective hydrogen evolution

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第3期页码 678-686 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0768-6

摘要： Photocatalytic water splitting for hydrogen (H₂) generation is a potential strategy to solve the problem of energy crisis and environmental deterioration. However, powder-like photocatalysts are difficult to recycle, and the agglomeration of particles would affect the photocatalytic activity. Herein, a direct Z-scheme CdS/WO₃ composite photocatalyst was fabricated based on carbon cloth through a two-step process. With the support of carbon cloth, photocatalysts tend to grow uniformly for further applications. The experimental results showed that the H₂ yield of adding one piece of CdS/WO₃ composite material was 17.28 μmol/h, which was 5.5 times as compared to that of pure CdS-loaded carbon cloth material. A cycle experiment was conducted to verify the stability of the as-prepared material and the result demonstrated that the H₂ generation performance of CdS/WO₃ decreased slightly after 3 cycles. This work provides new ideas for the development of recyclable photocatalysts and has a positive significance for practical applications.

关键词： photocatalysis CdS/WO₃ carbon cloth Z-scheme hydrogen evolution

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The next step of community health construction: Training general practitioners and implementing health

Kan ZHANG MM, Wei DONG MM, Ying-Yao CHEN MD,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 134-138 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0041-6

摘要： This article discusses the concept of health management and stresses that community health management should be the starting point of community health service, necessitating a paradigm shift from observing the treatment-oriented medical model to observing the prevention-and-health management-based medical model. Community health construction has entered a new phase, one which highlights the need to train general practitioners in practice-based life cycle health management. In addition, general practitioners should assume the mission of implementing community health management.

关键词： community health general practitioners health management

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Economic Growth Model Based on Six Basic Factors of Production—Xu Growth Rate Equation

Shou-bo Xu,Zong-yuan Huang

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第2期页码 160-175 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014024

摘要： This paper proposes an economic growth model based on the Six Basic Factors of Production and Xu Growth Rate Equation for the first time, which fills-in the deficits of the New Classical Economic Growth Model based on the Solow Model. The empirical analysis indicates that over the past three decades, the consumption of six basic factors of production had complicated relations with economic growth. In some years, the consumption rate of the basic factors of production was meager, but the economy witnessed relatively rocketing growth rate; in some years, the factors of production consumption rate was very high, but the economy growth rate slowed down. In general, economy grows at the expenses of huge consumption of four factors. There is an obvious characteristic of huge input and low efficiency. The average contribution rate of technological advance peaks in the middle, while it drops down at two ends. Noticeably, since 2004, the technology contribution rate generally shows a downward trend, reasons of which should be explored systematically in aspects like economic policy and industry structure with a view to boost further transformation of the macro-economy scientific growth model.

关键词： six basic factors of production economic growth model Xu Growth Rate Equation